Booting:-

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The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system is referred to as “Booting”.
To boot a computer is to load an operating system into computer’s main memory or random access memory (RAM). Once the operating system is loaded, it is ready for users to run applications.
Operating system generally does the following when you switch on the computer system:-
Ø As soon as the computer is turned on, the basic input/output system (BIOS) on your system’s read only memory (ROM) chip is “woken up” and take charge. BIOS is already loaded because it is built into the ROM chip and unlike Random Access Memory (RAM), ROM contents don’t get erased when the computer is turned off.
Ø BIOS first does a power-on self test (POST) to make sure that all the computer’s components are operational. Then the BIOS’s boot program looks for the special boot programs that will actually load the operating system on to hard disk.
Ø First, it looks for drives at the specific places where operating system is located. If there is a diskette in drive A but it’s not a system disk, BIOS will send you a message that drive A doesn’t contain a system disk. If there is no diskette in drive A, BIOS looks for the system files at a specific place on your hard drive.
Ø Having identified the drive where boot files are located, BIOS next looks at the first sector and copies information from it into specific locations in RAM.
Ø It then loads the boot record into a specific place in RAM.
Ø The boot record contains a program that BIOS now branches to, giving the boot record control of the computer.
Ø The boot record loads the initial system file (for example, in DOS system) into RAM from diskette or hard disk.
Ø The initial file then loads the rest of the operating system into RAM.
Ø The initial file loads a system file that knows how to work with the BIOS.
Ø One of the first Operating system files that is loaded, is a system configuration file, information the configuration files tells the loading program which specific operating system files need to be loaded. For example, specific device driver
Ø Another special file that is loaded is one that tells which specific applications or commands the user wants to have included or performed as part of the boot process. In DOS, this file is named AUTOEXEC.BAT. In windows, it is called WIN.IN
Ø After all operating system files have been loaded, the operating system is given control of the computer and performs requested commands and then waits for the first interactive user input.

Thus you have seen that the various subparts of a computer system work together, thus it is known as a machine or system.

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