Brake System Concept

Brake System Concept

Mechanical brakes all act by generating frictional forces as two surfaces rub against each other. The stopping Power or capacity of a brake depends largely on the surface area of frictional surfaces as well as on the actuation force applied. The friction and wear encountered by the working surfaces are severe. Thus, the durability of a brake or service life between maintenance depends heavily on the type of material used to line the shoe or pad.

                    Mechanical brakes are assemblies consisting of mechanical elements for the stopping of shafts in equipment drives. They use levers or linkages to transmit force from one point to another. 

Ø      There are several types of mechanical brakes.           

ü      Band brake

ü      Drum brake

ü      Disc brake

ü      Cone brake

Application

Ø      Band brake

 Band brake mostly used in bicycle.

Ø      Drum brake

               Drum brake commonly used on automobile rear wheels.

Ø      Disc brake

               Disc brake commonly used on automobile Front wheels.

Ø      Cone brake

               Cone brake mostly used on industrial machine to stopping the rotor.

Different Braking Mechanism

Ø      Drum brakes

               A drum brake is a brake in which the friction is caused by a set of shoes or pads that press against a rotating drum-shaped part called a brake drum.

                                                                Drum Brake Mechanism

            The term “drum brake” usually means a brake in which shoes press on the inner surface of the drum. When shoes press on the outside of the drum, it is usually called a clasp brake. Where the drum is pinched between two shoes, similar to a conventional disk brake, it is sometimes called a “pinch drum brake”, although such brakes are relatively rare. A related type of brake uses a flexible belt or “band” wrapping around the outside of a drum, called a band brake.

Ø      Disc brakes

                                                                 Disc Brake Mechanism

The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel while it is in motion. A brake disc is usually made of cast iron, but may in some cases be made of composites such as reinforced carbon-carbon or ceramic – matrix composites. This is connected to the wheel and/or the axle. To stop the wheel, friction material in the form of brake pads (mounted on a device called a brake caliper) is forced hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically against both sides of the disc. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Brakes convert motion to Heat, and if the brakes get too hot, they become less effective, a phenomenon known as brake fade.

Ø      Engine Braking

                        A compression engine brake is a device that can convert a diesel engine into an air compressor, a power absorbing device. These devices are used in trucking applications to provide a means for retarding the vehicle, supplementing the normal vehicle braking system. The retarding operation is under full control of the vehicle operator and can be used simultaneously with the normal service brakes. Engine brakes can be installed at any time to a new or used vehicle for most applications.

Ø      Exhaust braking mechanism

                      An exhaust brake works by restricting the flow of exhaust gases through the engine Heavy goods vehicles can often require increased braking, in situations where friction brakes could overheat and fail. This is achieved by using an exhaust brake. It achieves this by closing a butterfly valve located in the exhaust manifold. This maintains high pressures in the exhaust manifold, and the engine cylinders, which in turn, acts as a brake against the engine rotating. Then this slows the road wheels through the transmission, or power train.